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  GS Paper 1 – Indian Society / Modern History ❓ Question: "Social reform movements of the 19th century laid the foundation for women empowerment in modern India. Discuss." "19वीं सदी के सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलनों ने आधुनिक भारत में महिला सशक्तिकरण की नींव रखी। चर्चा कीजिए।" ✍️ Answer in English Introduction The 19th century in India witnessed the rise of social reform movements which aimed to eradicate regressive social practices. These movements, led by progressive reformers, challenged patriarchy , redefined women’s roles, and laid the ideological and institutional foundation for women empowerment in modern India. Body 1. Context of Oppression Women were subjected to child marriage, sati, purdah, illiteracy , and denied property and inheritance rights. A deeply entrenched patriarchal structure controlled female agency. 2. Role of Reformers and Movements Raja Ram Mohan Roy : Led campaign against Sati Pratha , promoted widow rights. Ishwar Chandr...

 “India’s Semiconductor Revolution: Why the Chip War is India’s Big Opportunity” In the global race for semiconductor self-sufficiency, India is emerging as a new and serious contender. With the ongoing US-China tech war and rising concerns over concentrated chip manufacturing in Taiwan and South Korea, global supply chains are being restructured—and India is positioning itself as a trusted alternative. The recent inauguration of Micron’s semiconductor plant in Sanand, Gujarat, has marked a historic moment in India’s industrial journey. Alongside Micron, major players like Vedanta-Foxconn, Tata Electronics, and Tower Semiconductor are either setting up or negotiating to establish fabrication (fab) or assembly units in India. This comes on the back of the government’s flagship Semicon India Programme, which includes a ₹76,000 crore Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to attract global semiconductor manufacturers and foster a full-stack chip ecosystem within the country. Semicon...