The year 2025 has witnessed one of the most significant episodes in contemporary international relations as tensions escalated between India and the United States, two of the world’s largest democracies, over issues of trade, tariffs, and geopolitical alignments. This confrontation, which has been described in media circles as a “tariff war” or “economic standoff,” carries wide-ranging implications not only for bilateral relations but also for the future of global trade architecture, Indo-Pacific strategy, and the broader multipolar world order that has been gradually emerging in the post-pandemic decade. The origins of the conflict can be traced to the United States’ growing discomfort with India’s independent stance on energy security and its sustained imports of Russian crude oil despite prolonged Western sanctions. For Washington, particularly under the Trump administration, such actions were perceived as undermining collective Western pressure on Moscow; for India, however, ...
Preparation for Competitive exams SSC RAILWAY