📘 GS Paper 1 – Geography ❓ Question: "Explain the mechanism of Indian Monsoon. Discuss how El Niño and La Niña influence its intensity." "भारतीय मानसून की कार्यप्रणाली को स्पष्ट कीजिए। यह एल नीनो और ला नीना की स्थिति से कैसे प्रभावित होता है?" ✍️ Answer in English Introduction The Indian monsoon is a seasonal wind system that brings rain to the Indian subcontinent primarily from June to September. It is driven by differential heating of land and ocean and is a vital climatic feature for agriculture and water resources in India. Mechanism of Indian Monsoon Differential Heating : During summer, the Indian landmass heats up faster than surrounding oceans, creating a low-pressure zone. Shift of ITCZ : The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone moves northward, bringing moist winds. Jet Streams : The Tropical Easterly Jet and weakening of the Subtropical Westerly Jet support the onset of monsoon. Orographic Uplift : Western Ghats and Himalayas cause the mons...